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  • All About Poultry
    • Anatomy and Physiology
      • Body Systems
        • Circulatory system
        • Digestive system
        • Embryology of the chicken
        • Endocrine system
        • Excretory system
        • Immune System
        • Integumentary (surface of the bird)
        • Metabolic system
        • Muscular system
        • Nervous systems & important sensory organs
        • Reproductive system
        • Respiratory system & thermoregulation
        • Skeletal System
      • Evolution of the bird
      • Incubation
      • List of common anatomical and physiological terms
      • The Avian Egg
    • Backyard Poultry
      • Chicken coops
      • Common problems and treatment methods for backyard chickens
      • General tips for backyard poultry production
    • Health
      • Beak Trimming
      • Biosecurity and Disease Prevention
      • Disease
        • Ascities
        • Avian Encephalomyelitis
        • Avian Influenza
        • Avian Intestinal Spirochaetosis
        • Avian Tuberculosis
        • Cannibalism (or aggressive pecking)
        • Chicken Anaemia Virus Infection (or CAV)
        • Chlamydophilosis
        • Coccidiosis
        • Colibacillosis
        • Cryptosporidiosis
        • Differences between avian influenza and pandemic human influenza
        • Egg drop syndrome (or EDS)
        • Fatty Liver Syndrome
        • Fowl Cholera (or pasteurellosis)
        • Fowl Pox
        • Histomoniasis
        • Infectious Bronchitis
        • Infectious bursal disease (or Gumboro)
        • Infectious Coryza
        • Infectious Laryngotracheitis
        • Leg and Skeletal Problems
        • Lice and Mites
        • Lymphoid Leukosis
        • Lymphoid Tumour Disease (Reticuloendotheliosis)
        • Marek’s Disease
        • Mycoplasmosis
        • Necrotic Enteritis
        • Newcastle Disease
        • Parasitic worms (or Helminths)
        • Rickets and cage layer fatigue
        • Toxoplasmosis
        • Trichomoniasis
        • Viral Arthritis (Tenosynovitis)
      • Vaccination
    • Husbandry & Management
      • Climate in Poultry Houses
      • Environmental Enrichment
      • Lighting in Poultry Houses
      • List of Poultry Husbandry Terms
      • Odour Emissions
      • Pest Mangement
        • Darkling Beetles
        • Flies
        • Rodent control
        • Wild bird control
      • Poultry Behaviour
      • Poultry Litter
        • Litter Waste Management
        • Litter Pasteurisation
        • LitterHeatMap
      • Poultry Stress
      • Robotics in the Poultry Industry
      • Welfare
        • Welfare standards for the layer industry
        • Welfare standards for the chicken meat industry
    • Nutrition
      • Feed Additives
      • Feed Evaluation
      • Feed Formulation
      • Feed Ingredients
      • Feedipedia
      • List of Nutrition terms
      • Nutrient requirements of ducks
      • Nutrient requirements of egg laying chickens
      • Nutrient requirements of turkeys
      • Nutrition requirements of meat chickens (broilers)
    • Production
      • Alternative poultry production systems
      • Chicken Egg (layer) Industry
        • Layer farm sequence
      • Food Safety
        • Salmonella
        • Campylobacter
      • Meat chicken (broiler) industry
        • Meat chicken farm sequence
      • Poultry Breeding
      • Supply Industries
    • Species
      • Chicken
      • Duck
      • Fancy Chicken Breeds
        • Australian Game
        • Australorp
        • Barnevelder
        • Brahma
        • Campine
        • Dorking
        • Faverolles
        • Frizzle
        • New Hampshire
        • Old English Game
        • Orpington
        • Pekin Bantam
        • Pit Game
        • Plymouth Rock
        • Polish
        • Rhode Island
        • Rosecomb
        • Sebright
        • Silkie
        • Sussex
        • Wyandotte
        • Welsummer
      • Fancy Duck Breeds
      • Fancy Goose Breeds
      • Game Birds
      • Goose
      • Ratites
      • Turkey
    • Village Poultry
      • Chicken Keeping for Pacific Island Communities
      • A Simple Guide to Managing Village Poultry in South Africa – English version
      • Hoe om met Werfhoenders ‘n Eenvoudige Besigheid in Suid Afrika te Begin
      • Šupa Tsela e Bonolo Ya Go Rua Dikgogo TŠA Segae Afrika Borwa
      • Ndila I Leluwaho Ya u Langula Vhufuwa Khuhu Dzapo Fhano Africa Tshipembe
      • Isikhokelo Esilula Sofuyo Lweenkukhu Kumaphandle Asemzantsi Afrika (Trans.Joyce Mafu)
      • Izinkukhu Zasemakhaya – Indlela Elula Yokufuywa Kwezinkukhu Zasemakhaya Eningizimu Africa (Trans. Qeda Nyoka)
  • Education
    • Anatomy of the Chicken
    • Australian Poultry Associations
      • World Poultry Science Association – Australian Branch
    • Resources
      • Books
      • DVDs and Videos
      • Keeping Poultry in Schools
      • National Guide – Poultry for Show and Sale
      • Primary School Worksheets
      • Secondary School Worksheets
      • Chicken Simulator
      • Show Poultry Handbook by Tintinara Area School
        • Background Information
        • Relevance to Poultry Industry
        • Equipment Needed to Show Poultry
        • Housing and Cages
        • Litter and Bedding
        • Feed and Water
        • Cleaning and Hygiene
        • Diseases of a Chick
        • Holding and Restraining Technique
        • Relationship, Bonding, Behaviour
        • Training
        • Poultry washing
        • Preparing of Chooks for Exhibition
        • Show Entries and Classes
        • Transport to Shows
        • Bibliography
    • Vocational Education & Training (VET)
      • Careers in Poultry
      • Apprenticeships and Traineeships
    • University Studies
  • Research
    • PHA Funding
    • PHA Funded Projects
    • Research Factsheets
    • Resources for Researchers
      • Calibration Curve Confidence Calculator
      • FCR Prediction Tool
      • Slope Ratio Calculator
      • Experimental Power Graphing Program
      • Nutritional Response Models
      • Quantile Plotting Distribution Optimization Library for transforming data
      • Experimental Simulating Program
      • Enzyme Value Evaluation
      • Maximum Ingredient Level Optimization
      • Inverse Transformation Scale Experimental Power Graphing
      • Maximizing research results by using simulation in nutritional requirement study planning
      • Feed Need
    • NSP Database
    • PHA Programs and Scholarships
    • Conferences and Events
    • Poultry CRC Final Reports
  • Training
    • Poultry Hub Jobs Program
    • Classifieds
  • All About Poultry
    • Anatomy and Physiology
      • Body Systems
        • Circulatory system
        • Digestive system
        • Embryology of the chicken
        • Endocrine system
        • Excretory system
        • Immune System
        • Integumentary (surface of the bird)
        • Metabolic system
        • Muscular system
        • Nervous systems & important sensory organs
        • Reproductive system
        • Respiratory system & thermoregulation
        • Skeletal System
      • Evolution of the bird
      • Incubation
      • List of common anatomical and physiological terms
      • The Avian Egg
    • Backyard Poultry
      • Chicken coops
      • Common problems and treatment methods for backyard chickens
      • General tips for backyard poultry production
    • Health
      • Beak Trimming
      • Biosecurity and Disease Prevention
      • Disease
        • Ascities
        • Avian Encephalomyelitis
        • Avian Influenza
        • Avian Intestinal Spirochaetosis
        • Avian Tuberculosis
        • Cannibalism (or aggressive pecking)
        • Chicken Anaemia Virus Infection (or CAV)
        • Chlamydophilosis
        • Coccidiosis
        • Colibacillosis
        • Cryptosporidiosis
        • Differences between avian influenza and pandemic human influenza
        • Egg drop syndrome (or EDS)
        • Fatty Liver Syndrome
        • Fowl Cholera (or pasteurellosis)
        • Fowl Pox
        • Histomoniasis
        • Infectious Bronchitis
        • Infectious bursal disease (or Gumboro)
        • Infectious Coryza
        • Infectious Laryngotracheitis
        • Leg and Skeletal Problems
        • Lice and Mites
        • Lymphoid Leukosis
        • Lymphoid Tumour Disease (Reticuloendotheliosis)
        • Marek’s Disease
        • Mycoplasmosis
        • Necrotic Enteritis
        • Newcastle Disease
        • Parasitic worms (or Helminths)
        • Rickets and cage layer fatigue
        • Toxoplasmosis
        • Trichomoniasis
        • Viral Arthritis (Tenosynovitis)
      • Vaccination
    • Husbandry & Management
      • Climate in Poultry Houses
      • Environmental Enrichment
      • Lighting in Poultry Houses
      • List of Poultry Husbandry Terms
      • Odour Emissions
      • Pest Mangement
        • Darkling Beetles
        • Flies
        • Rodent control
        • Wild bird control
      • Poultry Behaviour
      • Poultry Litter
        • Litter Waste Management
        • Litter Pasteurisation
        • LitterHeatMap
      • Poultry Stress
      • Robotics in the Poultry Industry
      • Welfare
        • Welfare standards for the layer industry
        • Welfare standards for the chicken meat industry
    • Nutrition
      • Feed Additives
      • Feed Evaluation
      • Feed Formulation
      • Feed Ingredients
      • Feedipedia
      • List of Nutrition terms
      • Nutrient requirements of ducks
      • Nutrient requirements of egg laying chickens
      • Nutrient requirements of turkeys
      • Nutrition requirements of meat chickens (broilers)
    • Production
      • Alternative poultry production systems
      • Chicken Egg (layer) Industry
        • Layer farm sequence
      • Food Safety
        • Salmonella
        • Campylobacter
      • Meat chicken (broiler) industry
        • Meat chicken farm sequence
      • Poultry Breeding
      • Supply Industries
    • Species
      • Chicken
      • Duck
      • Fancy Chicken Breeds
        • Australian Game
        • Australorp
        • Barnevelder
        • Brahma
        • Campine
        • Dorking
        • Faverolles
        • Frizzle
        • New Hampshire
        • Old English Game
        • Orpington
        • Pekin Bantam
        • Pit Game
        • Plymouth Rock
        • Polish
        • Rhode Island
        • Rosecomb
        • Sebright
        • Silkie
        • Sussex
        • Wyandotte
        • Welsummer
      • Fancy Duck Breeds
      • Fancy Goose Breeds
      • Game Birds
      • Goose
      • Ratites
      • Turkey
    • Village Poultry
      • Chicken Keeping for Pacific Island Communities
      • A Simple Guide to Managing Village Poultry in South Africa – English version
      • Hoe om met Werfhoenders ‘n Eenvoudige Besigheid in Suid Afrika te Begin
      • Šupa Tsela e Bonolo Ya Go Rua Dikgogo TŠA Segae Afrika Borwa
      • Ndila I Leluwaho Ya u Langula Vhufuwa Khuhu Dzapo Fhano Africa Tshipembe
      • Isikhokelo Esilula Sofuyo Lweenkukhu Kumaphandle Asemzantsi Afrika (Trans.Joyce Mafu)
      • Izinkukhu Zasemakhaya – Indlela Elula Yokufuywa Kwezinkukhu Zasemakhaya Eningizimu Africa (Trans. Qeda Nyoka)
  • Education
    • Anatomy of the Chicken
    • Australian Poultry Associations
      • World Poultry Science Association – Australian Branch
    • Resources
      • Books
      • DVDs and Videos
      • Keeping Poultry in Schools
      • National Guide – Poultry for Show and Sale
      • Primary School Worksheets
      • Secondary School Worksheets
      • Chicken Simulator
      • Show Poultry Handbook by Tintinara Area School
        • Background Information
        • Relevance to Poultry Industry
        • Equipment Needed to Show Poultry
        • Housing and Cages
        • Litter and Bedding
        • Feed and Water
        • Cleaning and Hygiene
        • Diseases of a Chick
        • Holding and Restraining Technique
        • Relationship, Bonding, Behaviour
        • Training
        • Poultry washing
        • Preparing of Chooks for Exhibition
        • Show Entries and Classes
        • Transport to Shows
        • Bibliography
    • Vocational Education & Training (VET)
      • Careers in Poultry
      • Apprenticeships and Traineeships
    • University Studies
  • Research
    • PHA Funding
    • PHA Funded Projects
    • Research Factsheets
    • Resources for Researchers
      • Calibration Curve Confidence Calculator
      • FCR Prediction Tool
      • Slope Ratio Calculator
      • Experimental Power Graphing Program
      • Nutritional Response Models
      • Quantile Plotting Distribution Optimization Library for transforming data
      • Experimental Simulating Program
      • Enzyme Value Evaluation
      • Maximum Ingredient Level Optimization
      • Inverse Transformation Scale Experimental Power Graphing
      • Maximizing research results by using simulation in nutritional requirement study planning
      • Feed Need
    • NSP Database
    • PHA Programs and Scholarships
    • Conferences and Events
    • Poultry CRC Final Reports
  • Training
    • Poultry Hub Jobs Program
    • Classifieds